新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州草原由于超载过牧等原因导致毒害草大量扩张,尤其是乌头的扩张程度日益加剧,天然草地生态系统日益恶化,严重阻碍了当地畜牧业的发展。然而,因乌头的自身特性、超载过牧等原因,导致对其防控难度较大,且缺乏有效的防控策略,亟需寻求一套行之有效的防控策略来加快退化草地的恢复,进一步提升草地的生态和生产功能。本文以广泛分布的乌头为综述对象,从乌头的生物学特性及其毒害效应出发,对毒草的危害状况及其暴发原因进行分析,并提出毒草的防控策略,以期遏制毒害草的蔓延趋势,并进一步做出展望。通过人工防控、化学防控及变毒为宝等措施,达到毒草所占比例减少、优良牧草比例增加的防控目标,为未来合理制定伊犁州载畜量及畜牧业可持续发展提供理论基础。

The poisonous weeds(especially the aconitum) in grassland in Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang has expanded excessively due to overgrazing of livestock and other reasons, resulting in the deterioration of natural grassland ecosystem and seriously hindering the development of local animal husbandry. [Problem] However, it is difficult to control aconitum due to its own characteristics and the overgrazing of livestock, and there was a lack of effective prevention and control strategies, hence it was urgent to find a set of effective strategies to accelerate the recovery of degraded grassland, and to further improve the ecological and production functions of grassland. Based on the biological characteristics and toxic effects of aconitum, in this paper, the harmful effects and outbreak reasons of the poisonous weeds were analyzed, and related prevention and control strategies were put forward, hoping to contain the spreading trend of poisonous weeds, and to make further prospects. Through artificial and chemical prevention and control,and transformation of poison into treasure and other measures, the goal of reducing the proportion of poisonous weeds and increasing the proportion of fine forage grass were achieved. The study would provide theoretical basis for reasonably setting the livestock carrying capacity and for sustainable development of animal husbandry in Ili Prefecture in the future.