目的:牛羊布鲁氏菌病在西北地区较为常发,尤其是在新疆地区具有区域性流行的特点,了解掌握其流行特点和流行规律对于党委政府制定综合防控措施具有重要意义。方法:本文对2011—2019年以来新疆阿勒泰地区牛羊布鲁氏菌病疫情检测数据进行了收集整理,系统分析了造成牛羊布鲁氏菌病疫情严重的原因。结果:数据显示,2011—2019年新疆阿勒泰地区牛羊布鲁氏菌病疫情特点整体呈高发态势。其中,牛布鲁氏菌病血清检测阳性率平均为1.47%、2.56%、2.73%、3.11%、4.12%、2.18%、2.79%、2.05%、1.80%,羊布鲁氏菌病血清检测阳性率平均为0.12%、0.61%、0.62%、1.02%、3.45%、1.91%、0.90%、0.94%、0.93%。从数据分析得出,牛羊布鲁氏菌病在2011—2015年均呈现逐年增长趋势,2015年牛布鲁氏菌病阳性率约为2011年的3倍,2015年羊布鲁氏菌病阳性率约是2011年的29倍,2016年开始牛羊布鲁氏菌病均有所下降,牛布鲁氏菌病阳性率普遍高于羊布鲁氏菌病,利用SPSS 25.0软件分析得出,不同年份、不同地域对牛羊布鲁氏菌病差异性不显著(P>0.05)。结论:结果表明,在以往的牛羊养殖中,新疆阿勒泰地区的牛羊布鲁氏菌病发病率较为稳定,但综合分析这9年的数据发现,其发病率呈现快速上升又缓慢下降的趋势。这主要是因为近几年阿勒泰地区农区畜牧业发展速度较快,从疆内外引进品种牛羊比较频繁。引进的牛羊在运输过程中保护措施不全面和牛羊在输入之前早已患病是导致牛羊布鲁氏菌病流行的重要因素之一。

[Objective] Brucellosis is one of the most common diseases in cattle and sheep in Northwest China,especially in Xinjiang. A comprehensive understanding of its epidemic characteristics and laws will provide some reference for making scientific prevention and control measures. [Method] In this study, the data of brucellosis in cattle and sheep in a certain area of Xinjiang from 2011 to 2019 were collected and sorted out,and the causes of the high incidence of brucellosis were analyzed systematically. [Result] Results showed that the overall trend of the epidemic was increasing during 2011 to 2019. The average positive rates of brucellosis in cattle were 1.47%, 2.56%, 2.73%, 3.11%, 4.12%, 2.18%, 2.79%, 2.05% and 1.80%, and those in sheep were 0.12%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 1.02%, 3.45%, 1.91%, 0.90%, 0.94% and 0.93%, respectively. According to the above data, the annual rates of bovine and ovine brucellosis from 2011 to 2015 had been increasing year by year. The positive rate of cattle in 2015 was about three times than that in 2011, and the positive rate of sheep in 2015 was about 29 times than that in 2011. Since 2016, the decline trend of bovine and ovine brucellosis had taken place. The positive rates of cattle were generally higher than those of sheep.[Conclusion] The results showed that the incidence rate of cattle and sheep brucellosis in a certain area of Xinjiang was relatively stable. However, the incidence rates increased rapidly and then slowly decreased from 2011 to 2019. This was mainly due to the rapid development of animal husbandry in the area in recent years,as well as the frequent introduction of cattle and sheep from inside and outside Xinjiang. Because of the incomplete protective measures and transport-related stress resulting in changes in some indicators of the physiology and biochemistry function, the cattle and sheep were actually already sick before importation,which was one of the important factors leading to prevalence of brucellosis. With the continuous strengthening of comprehensive prevention and control efforts in recent years, the positive rate has significantly decreased,but great attention still needs to be paid to by Party committees and governments at all levels to enhance the prevention and control.