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【现状】新疆牧场所生长藜芦主要是阿尔泰藜芦,其为百合科多年生草本藜芦属植物,又称"新疆藜芦",与中药黑藜芦同种,药用性能相近,藜芦自2007年被发现其具备抗癌功能以来,围绕藜芦传统方剂研究、减毒、制剂、新功能探索、新药开发等研究报道日益增多,综合利用开发前景看好。【问题】虽然阿尔泰藜芦常在山地灌木丛边、草甸带、背阴草地成片聚生,利于采收,种群数量大,但因其有毒,且其嫩苗易被牛羊误食,向来被当作毒害草处理,未加以综合开发利用。【对策】本文对藜芦尤其是阿尔泰藜芦的传统应用、现代研究及开发应用现状进行综述,对其将来的应用前景进行展望,旨在为新疆牧场阿勒泰藜芦的开发利用提供思路。【结论】"藜芦"除传统应用外,现代还应用于治疗精神分裂症、斑秃、寻常疣、断骨愈合、疟疾、抗癌、抗血栓等;从几种常用藜芦的化学成分对比分析看,阿尔泰藜芦有可能成为中药藜芦的重要资源之一;从已有的中兽医实践上看,藜芦在牲畜寄生虫防治和乳牛前胃驰缓症方面有应用开发前景;阿尔泰藜芦种群数量大,应该在开发利用的基础上对其防治。
Abstract：[Current Situation] Veratrum lobelianum Bernh., a perennial herb of Liliaceae, also known as"Xinjiang Veratrum", mainly grows in pasture of Xinjiang. It is the same as the traditional Chinese medicine Veratrum nigrum, and has similar medicinal properties with Veratrum nigrum. Since it was found that Veratrum has anticancer function in 2007, there are more and more reports on the traditional prescription research, detoxification, preparation, new function exploration and new drug development, and the prospect of its comprehensive utilization and development is promising. [problems] Although Veratrum lobelianum Bernh.often grows in the edge of shrubs, meadow belt and shady grassland in mountainous areas, which is conducive to harvest it to get a large population, the Veratrum has not been comprehensively developed and utilized because the whole plant is toxic to human and livestock, and its tender seedlings are easy to be eaten by cattle and sheep, besides, it can reproduce quickly, hence always is regarded as a toxic weed.[countermeasures] In this paper, the traditional application, modern research, development and application status of Veratrum, especially Veratrum lobelianum Bernh., were reviewed, and its future application prospects were prospected, for the purpose of providing ideas for the development and utilization of pasture weeds in Xinjiang. [Conclusion] In addition to the traditional application, Veratrum is also used in the treatment of schizophrenia, alopecia areata, verruca vulgaris, bone healing, malaria, cancer, thrombus and so on. From the comparative analysis of the chemical components of several common Veratrum, Veratrum lobelianum Bernh.may become one of the important resources of traditional Chinese medicines; from the existing practices of Chinese veterinary medicine, Veratrum plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of animal parasites and rumen atony; in view of the large population of Veratrum lobelianum Bernh., it should be controlled on the basis of development and utilization.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16863/j.cnki.1003-6377.2021.02.008
中图分类号:S567.239
引用信息:
[1]肖海龙,丁泽人,杨志等.新疆牧场阿尔泰藜芦的开发利用前景[J].草食家畜,2021,No.207(02):42-49.DOI:10.16863/j.cnki.1003-6377.2021.02.008.
基金信息:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01001); 新疆维吾尔自治区奶业产业技术体系资助