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【目的】草地类型的划分是草地经营管理中的基础性工作,是人们有效保护、科学开发、合理利用和培育草地的理论基础。为了简化原有繁杂的分类系统,紧紧围绕林业、草原和国家公园“三位一体”融合发展的总体要求,着眼新疆草地资源特点,统筹推进“山水林田湖草沙”系统治理,提出新的草地分类系统和标准势在必行。【方法】本文参照2016年农业部《草地分类》行业标准,结合现阶段林草融合机制与草原生态修复治理的需求,草地类的名称与全国草地分类系统及农业部《草地分类》行业标准保持基本一致,并与国土三调土地分类标准相协调,取消亚类和组的分类;型的命名减少优势种数量的原则进行归并;面积小于平均值、仅分布局部地区、代表性不强的型归并到临近草地型或者删除;具有地方特色植物种类组成的特有型保留。【结果】新疆原天然草地分类系统的11类687个型,调整归并为9类106个型。【结论】新疆原天然草地分类系统及草地资源资料是30多年前形成的,之后未系统地开展全疆草地调查,实际的草地类、型或分布范围可能已经发生了一些变化。本分类系统具有较强的实用性和可操作性,为推动草地资源本底数据的更新和数字化管理提供技术依据。
Abstract:【Objective】The categorization of grassland types stands as a crucial step in their management and ecology, forming the foundation for their safeguarding, informed exploitation, suitable use, and intentional development. In light of simplifying the existent intricate classification scheme and adhering to the comprehensive“trinity”strategy that integrates forestry, grassland, and national parks, a revision catering to the special aspects of Xinjiang's grasslands is pivotal. This revision aims to advocate a systematic approach in the stewardship of the interconnected natural assets of“mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands.”【Methods】Drawing upon the“Grassland Classification”industry standard issued by the Ministry of Agriculture in2016, this study incorporates contemporary demands steering the forest-grassland union, along with ecological restoration and management. Aligning predominantly with the national and previously mentioned industrial standards, the proposed classification system harmonizes with the third national land survey's land categorization specifications. Subcategories and groupings are streamlined, while types are consolidated in accordance with the principle of minimizing dominant species' classifications.【Results】The consolidation process gave full consideration to the extent, representativeness, and distribution breadth of grassland types. Those covering a minimal area, confined to particular localities, or lacking distinctiveness were amalgamated with neighboring types or eliminated. Consequently, Xinjiang's prior system of 11 categories encompassing 687 distinct types has been refined to consist of 9 categories comprising 106 types. 【Conclusion】 The established natural grassland classification and corresponding resource datasets for Xinjiang were instituted over 30 years ago, without subsequent comprehensive appraisals of the region's grasslands, which may now exhibit alterations in type, composition, or range. This updated classification system boasts practicality and implementability, offering a technical foundation for refining grassland resource data and instituting digital management practices.
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基本信息:
DOI:10.16863/j.cnki.1003-6377.2024.01.009
中图分类号:S812
引用信息:
[1]闫凯,阿斯娅·曼力克,姜永辉等.新疆天然草原分类系统调整合并的探讨[J].草食家畜,2024,No.224(01):52-60.DOI:10.16863/j.cnki.1003-6377.2024.01.009.
基金信息:
新疆维吾尔自治区林业和草原局财政专项“2023年退化草原生态修复治理”(2130299)