通过对新疆昭苏县30户定居牧民养马情况调查,发现牧户马群结构不合理,公、母及幼驹所占比重分别为15.75%、61.95%、22.30%;养殖规模较小,20匹以上的牧户只占被调查的20%;基础设施薄弱,有棚圈的26户,平均每户棚圈仅157 m2;牧户平均生产性总收入6.7万元;拥有人工草地的仅为11户,且平均只有1.22 hm2;当地草地退化严重,退化面积4.94×105hm2,且春秋、夏、冬草场都存在超载现象。总体来说人工草地面积不足,饲草储备地建设滞后,棚圈面积小且专用性不强,技术来源较单一,饲养管理粗犷等是影响当地马产业发展的几大问题。建议提高牧民饲养管理水平,淘汰不合格马匹,使种公马与母马比例控制在1:10,加强饲草料地和基础设施建设,合理利用天然草场,实施暖季放牧、冷季舍饲的饲养方式,以保证马产业的健康、可持续发展。

Through investigate to the Status of horse keeping from the 30 families settled herdsmen in Zhaosu Xinjiang. we found that the structure of horse?breeding is unreasonable, the proportion of male, female and juvenile horses is 15.75%, 61.95% and 22.30%. Farming scale is small, only 20% of herdsmen have more than 20 horses The structure is weak, only 26 families have horse stable, the average area of horse stable is157m2; the average total revenue of herdsman is 67 000 yuan in one year; the number of families those have artificial grass is 11, and average area is only 1.22hm2; the local grassland degradation is serious. the degraded area is 4.94 × 105hm2, What's more, the Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter pasture are overloading. Overall, lack of artificial grassland, and Planted Grassland is lag, stable is small, not specificity,a single technical sources. feeding and management rough are big issues that affect the local horse industry.In order to ensure the health development of the horse industry. Base on those, we suggest that raise the management of feeding level,eliminating unqualified horses to control stallions and mares in 1:10 ratio,and strengthen the forage grass area and infrastructure construction, rational utilize natural pasture, implement herding, cold season in way of breeding.