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棉籽饼粕是经济动物重要的蛋白质资源,但是其含有的棉酚是一种呈黄色结晶的有害多酚物质。棉酚主要分布于锦葵科植物棉花的根、茎与种子等球状腺体中,其中腺体中棉酚占重量的35%～50%,是棉籽中含棉酚最密集的部分。游离态棉酚具有神经毒性、肝毒性、细胞毒性,长时间的摄入会在牲畜体内出现蓄积引发中毒,造成动物生殖能力下降,脏器器官出现病变,严重时出现猝死现象,并可通过食物链传导直接或间接的危害人类健康。其中毒机制是游离态棉酚具有活性醛基和羟基,主要通过氧化应激反应,造成动物肝细胞损伤,其原因是棉酚造成的对抗氧化酶活性的抑制,诱导机体产生了过量的超氧阴离子,并出现了腹腔巨噬细胞凋亡的情况。传统的棉酚脱毒技术主要是物理处理、化学处理、微生物处理方法。未来的研究方向主要侧重于游离棉酚在细胞分子领域的毒理机制与更有效的脱毒技术。
Abstract：Cottonseed meal is an important protein resource for economic animals. However, it contains gossypol which is a kind of harmful polyphenol substance with yellow crystal. Gossypol is mainly distributed in the root, stem, seed and other globular glands of Malvaceae, among them, gossypol accounts for nearly 35%to 50% of the weight of the gland, which is the most dense part of gossypol in the cottonseed. Free gossypol has neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and cytotoxicity. If gossypol is ingested by livestock for a long time, it will accumulate in livestock and lead to poisoning, resulting in the decline of reproductive capacity of animals,pathological changes of visceral organs, sudden death in serious cases, and direct or indirect harm to human health through food chain. The toxic mechanism is that free gossypol has active aldehyde group and hydroxyl group, which mainly cause animal liver cell damage through oxidative stress, and the reason is that gossypol can inhibit the activity of antioxidant enzymes and induce excessive superoxide anion in the body, then apoptosis of peritoneal macrophages occurs. The traditional detoxification technologies of gossypol mainly include physical treatment, chemical treatment and microbial treatment. The future research will focus on the toxicological mechanism of free gossypol and more effective detoxification technologies in cellular-molecular field.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16863/j.cnki.1003-6377.2020.03.001
中图分类号:S816.4
引用信息:
[1]胡波,郑文新,高维明,等.游离棉酚毒理学与脱毒技术的研究进展[J].草食家畜,2020,No.202(03):1-7+38.DOI:10.16863/j.cnki.1003-6377.2020.03.001.
基金信息:
农业部畜禽产品质量安全风险评估行业专项（GJFP201600701）