草 食 家 畜

【目的】哈萨克斯坦有着较高的乳制品进口需求和市场提升空间，贸易与政治环境较为优越，本文旨在分析该国奶业发展现状及中哈两国乳制品贸易潜力。【方法】系统分析哈萨克斯坦奶业生产现状、乳制品贸易品种结构及主要进口来源国特征，探讨哈萨克斯坦的贸易政策与海关准入要求，并进一步从宏观经济环境、国际经贸合作、产业比较优势及中哈合作前景等方面，对中国乳制品出口哈萨克斯坦的潜力进行综合评估。【结果】研究表明，近年来哈萨克斯坦的乳制品贸易依存度明显上升，未来其乳制品进口需求仍有增长空间，但面临着较高的市场进入壁垒和激烈的价格竞争格局。【结论】建议中国对哈萨克斯坦乳制品出口先通过本地化合作、行业展会等方式分阶段开拓市场。

【Objective】 Kazakhstan exhibits substantial demand for dairy imports and significant market expansion potential, benefiting from a favorable trade and political environment. This study aimed to analyze the current status of dairy industry in the country and to assess the trade potential of dairy products between China and Kazakhstan. 【Methods】 The current status of dairy production in Kazakhstan, trade structure of dairy products and the characteristics of its major import source countries were systematically analyzed, then the trade policies and customs access requirements were discussed. Furthermore, a comprehensive assessment of the potential for Chinese dairy exports to Kazakhstan was conducted from the perspectives of the macroeconomic environment, international economic and trade cooperation, industrial comparative advantages, and prospects for China-Kazakhstan dairy cooperation. 【Results】 The results showed that Kazakhstan's dependence on dairy trade had increased significantly in recent years, and there remained significant growth potential in Kazakhstan's dairy demand, while high market entry barriers and intense price competition were faced by China. 【Conclusion】 For Chinese dairy exports to Kazakhstan, it was recommended to gradually explore opportunities and advance the process through localized cooperation, industry exhibitions and other means.