草 食 家 畜

天然草地因过度放牧、气候变化等人为和自然因素的协同影响导致退化严重,生态系统生产和生态功能下降,严重阻碍当地畜牧业的发展,亟需寻求良策改善和修复退化草地。补播技术具有投资少、见效快的特点而在近年来广泛实施。然而现阶段在退化草地上的补播技术仍不成熟,且补播对草地群落特征和土壤养分的影响仍存在较大的差异,因此需要对目前研究结果进一步梳理和总结。本文从补播技术角度出发,阐述退化草地补播地段、草种选择、播种量和播种时期的选择,并明确了补播对草地群落数量特征、植物多样性影响规律,明晰了土壤理化性质和微生物群落特征对补播的响应规律,进而提出今后研究方向和生产上需要注意的相关问题。

Due to overgrazing, climate change and other human and natural factors, the degradation of natural grassland was serious, and the production and ecological function of ecosystem decline, which seriously hinders the development of local animal husbandry. In recent years, replanting technology has been widely used because of its low investment and quick effects. However, at this stage, the resowing technology on degraded grassland is still immature, and there are still large differences in grassland community characteristics and soil nutrients, so it is necessary to further sort out and summarize the current research results. From the point of view of supplementary sowing technology, this paper expounds the supplementary sowing location, grass seed selection, sowing amount and time, and clarifies the influence law of supplementary sowing on the quantitative characteristics of grassland community, plant diversity, and the response rules of soil physical and chemical properties and microbial community characteristics to supplementary sowing, and then puts forward the related problems that need to be paid attention to in the future research and production, so as to provide reference for the supplementary sowing technology of degraded grassland. It can provide some theoretical guidance. In conclusion, supplementary sowing was an effective measure to restore degraded grassland.