【目的】试验旨在分析内蒙古地区不同细毛羊品种羊毛品质的现状，为品种选育提供参考依据。【方法】试验选取了内蒙古本地培育的9个细毛羊品种和引进的1个澳洲美利奴羊品种，共计795只羊为研究对象。通过采集其体侧部羊毛，运用单因素方差分析，对不同品种成年公羊和成年母羊羊毛的净毛率、纤维平均直径、标准差和变异系数等指标进行比较分析。同时，结合2006年畜禽遗传资源普查数据，2018年种畜禽监管检测数据以及2022年测定数据，对比不同年份内蒙古细毛羊羊毛的平均纤维直径和净毛率的变化。【结果】结果表明，被选样本羊毛的净毛率在54.62%～62.86%，品种对净毛率影响显著（P<0.05）；品种对羊毛的纤维平均直径、标准差和变异系数影响显著（P<0.05），其中澳洲美利奴羊显著低于其它品种，成年母羊羊毛的纤维直径最细为19.46μm，培育品种中国美利奴羊（科尔沁型）次之，成年母羊羊毛的纤维直径为20.18μm，其它品种羊毛的纤维直径较粗，均超过了市场需要的21.5μm细度；对比2006年、2018年和2022年羊毛的纤维平均直径变化，内蒙古细毛羊培育品种羊毛的纤维平均直径有增粗趋势。【结论】内蒙古细毛羊培育品种与国际超细毛羊羊毛的品质还存在显著差异，需关注羊毛细度变化，提高品种选育强度，以增强其纺织加工价值。

【Objective】 In order to analyze the wool quality of different breeds of fine wool sheep in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide some reference for breed selection and improvement. 【Methods】 In this study, 9 local fine wool sheep breeds and 1 introduced Australian Merino sheep breed were selected, a total of 795 sheep were included. The one-way ANOVA was used to conduct a comparative analysis of indexes such as net wool rate, average fiber diameter, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of different breeds of adult rams and ewes by collecting wool samples from the lateral sides of the sheep. At the same time, combined with census data of the livestock and poultry genetic resources in 2006 and the supervision and testing data of breeding livestock and poultry in 2018, the changes of the average fiber diameter and net wool rate of fine wool sheep in Inner Mongolia were compared between different years. 【Results】The results showed that: The influence of different breeds on the net wool rate varied significantly(P<0.05), and the net wool rate of the samples ranged from 54.62% to 62.86%;The influence of different breeds on the average fiber diameter, standard deviation and coefficient of variation varied significantly(P<0.05), and the average fiber diameter of Australian Merino sheep was significantly lower than that of other breeds, with the thinnest average fiber diameter of adult ewes being 19.46 μm, the cultivated breed, Chinese Merino sheep(Horqin type), came second, with the diameter of adult ewes being 20.18 μm, the fiber diameters of other breeds were relatively thicker, all exceeding the fineness of 21.5 μm required by the market;Compared with the changes of average fiber diameters in 2006, 2018 and 2022, the average fiber diameter of the cultivated breeds of Inner Mongolia fine wool sheep showed a trend of thickening. 【Conclusion】 There were still significant differences between the cultivated breeds of fine wool sheep in Inner Mongolia and the international superfine wool sheep. It was necessary to pay attention to the changes of wool fineness and accelerate the intensity of breed selection to enhance its value in textile processing.