草 食 家 畜

【目的】布鲁氏菌病作为一种重要的人畜共患疾病，可在全球范围内对公共卫生安全造成严重威胁，给畜牧业带来巨大经济损失。研究旨在评估三种常用动物布病检测方法，即初筛方法虎红平板凝集试验（RBT）、确诊方法试管凝集试验（SAT）常量法和（SAT）微量法在骆驼布病检测中的实际应用效果，为骆驼布病的诊断提供数据参考。【方法】采集2022—2024年期间从多个地区采集的345份双峰骆驼血清样本，并应用RBT、SAT常量法和SAT微量法分别对采集样本进行检测，对比分析检测结果，评估其差异性。【结果】RBT检出骆驼布病阳性率为7.83%(27/345);SAT常量法检出骆驼布病阳性率为5.80%(20/345);SAT微量法检出骆驼布病阳性率为5.80%(20/345)。在RBT检测的阳性样本中，经SAT常量法和SAT微量法确认的阳性结果占比为74.07%(20/27)。SAT检测阳性样本均来源于RBT初筛阳性样本。【结论】不同检测方法对骆驼布病的检测结果存在差异。RBT检出的阳性率高于SAT常量法和SAT微量法，能够快速筛查布病可疑阳性个体。SAT微量法与SAT常量法的检测结果无显著差异，但微量法具有试剂消耗少、操作简便、检测效率高等优势，更适合推广应用。然而，单一检测方法均无法准确判断骆驼感染布病情况。在实际应用中，应先用敏感性较高的方法进行初筛，再用特异性方法对初筛阳性样本做进一步确认，以提高检测结果的准确性和可靠性。

【Objective】 Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease that causes severe public health and economic losses globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the practical application effect of three commonly used diagnostic methods for brucellosis in camel, which were Rose Bengal plate agglutination test(RBT, an initial screening method), standard tube agglutination test(SAT, macro method), and the microtube agglutination test(SAT, micro method), to provide data references for accurate detection. 【Methods】345 serum samples from Bactrian camels from several regions were collected from 2022 to 2024. The samples were tested using RBT, SAT macro method, and SAT micro method, followed by comparative analysis of the results. 【Results】The positive rates of camel brucellosis detected by RBT, SAT macro method and SAT micro method were 7.83%(27/345), 5.80%(20/345) and 5.80%(20/345), respectively. Among the 27 RBT-positive samples, 74.07%(20/27) were confirmed as positive by both SAT macro and micro methods. All SAT-positive samples originated from the RBT screening-positive samples.【Conclusion】 There were discrepancies in the detection results among different methods for camel brucellosis. RBT had a higher positivity rate than SAT macro and micro methods and can quickly screen out suspected positive individuals. Although the SAT macro and micro methods had similar detection results, the micro method had advantages such as less reagent consumption, simpler operation, and higher testing efficiency, making it more suitable for promotion and application. A single detection method cannot accurately determine the brucellosis infection status in camels. Therefore, in practical application, a highly sensitive method should be used for initial screening, followed by confirmation of the positive samples using a specific method, to improve the accuracy and reliability of the test results.